How the Sacrament is Performed
The LDS Church generally holds Sunday meetings in a three-hour block. The Sacrament most often takes place during a special one-hour meeting known informally as "Sacrament Meeting". The other two hours are set aside for Sunday School classes. Each Sunday in before the Sacrament Meeting, the men of the congregation who hold the Priesthood will break bread into bite-size pieces and place them on handled trays. They will then fill up many thimble-sized cups with water and place these also on handled trays. These trays are then covered with a white cloth on a table until it is time for the Sacrament. When the time comes, one Priesthood holder will uncover the bread and bless it. Other men will then take the trays and pass them around to the whole congregation. When the trays are returned, they are recovered with the cloth and the water is then uncovered. The water is blessed and passed to the congregation in a similar manner. The trays are returned and both the bread and water are recovered.
Why water instead of wine?
The early members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints actually did use wine to signify the blood of Christ in the Sacrament. So why the change? In 1833, Joseph Smith received a revelation known as the "Word of Wisdom". The Word of Wisdom details how members can be freed from addiction and habit by obeying a simple health code. This is the reason that Mormons are asked to not smoke, drink coffee or tea, drink alcohol, or partake of any addictive substance or activity. For many years however, when the Word of Wisdom was introduced, it was seen more as a guideline than a rule, and many members partook every now and then anyway, and wine was still used in the Sacrament. The Saints were cautioned not to by alcohol from their enemies however, to avoid the threat of poisoning. This was remedied for a while by the Church producing its own wine. Over time, the Word of Wisdom became more emphasized, and review of the scripture Doctrine and Covenants 27:2 ("It mattereth not what ye shall eat or what ye shall drink when ye partake of the sacrament, if it so be that ye do it with an eye single to my glory—remembering unto the Father my body which was laid down for you, and my blood which was shed for the remission of your sins.") prompted the substitution of water in the ordinance of the Sacrament, becoming the standard in 1912.
What does it all mean? Purposes and Origins of the Sacrament
The night before His crucifixion, Jesus Christ met with His disciples in the upper room for what was known as "The Last Supper". It was at this time that Christ instituted a very sacred tradition. Breaking some bread, He passed it around to each of His disciples and told them to eat in remembrance of His body. He then passed wine to His disciples, telling them to drink in remembrance of His blood which would later be shed on their behalf.
After this, the Savior went to the Garden of Gethsemane, where He offered a prayer to God, His Father. In the Garden, Christ suffered immensely, experiencing the weight of every sin, every pain, every illness, and every affliction that mankind had ever, did ever, and would ever experience. The pain caused Him to bleed from every pore. He was then betrayed, beaten, wrongly sentenced, and crucified by a mob of wicked angry men. This great sacrifice which the Lord Jesus performed on our behalf is known as the "Atonement". He did so that He might more fully understand our pain, and that He could cleanse us of our sins if we repent and use the Atonement in our lives. We activate the Atonement by following the model laid down by Jesus Christ in the Last Supper.
If you'll notice, the events of the Last Supper are similar in many ways to the Mormon Sacrament.
Baptism in the LDS Church serves multiple purposes. One of these purposes is gain membership into the Church, signifying the convert's willingness to emulate Christ. Baptism also serves to wash clean the sins of the penitent. But everyone sins. When a person makes a mistake after baptism, it is necessary to renew the covenants they made with the Lord at baptism. This is done by sincerely repenting of the mistakes that we make, and activating the power of the Atonement in our lives once more through the sacrament. In the Sacrament, as well as in baptism, we acknowledge the Savior and the sacrifices He made for us. We humble ourselves to the point of understanding our total dependence on the power of Jesus Christ, and our personal duty to obey His commandments.
For other sacred ordinances of the Mormon Church, read here about the temple and its importance.
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