The History of Mormonism: Where did the Pearl of Great Price come from?

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints follows four volumes of holy scripture. In no particular order, they are: The King James Version of the Holy Bible, the Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price. It is this last book of scripture I wish to discuss today. In the history of Mormonism (more at http://www.mormontopics.org/eng/christ), this piece of scripture has a unique history of its own, and has a story worth telling. The book itself is split into a few different parts.
The Pearl of Great Price begins with:
Joseph Smith- History
This section chronicles some important events in the life of Joseph Smith Jr, the founder and first prophet of the LDS Church). Thee events include the "First Vision"--Smith's first encounter with God the Father and Jesus Christ--Smith's visitation from Angel Moroni, and the translation of the Book of Mormon. This autobiographical work is a great primary source for anyone researching Joseph Smith, or anyone wanting to know more about the Prophet.
The Articles of Faith
In 1842, "Long" John Wentworth, editor of the Chicago Democrat contacted Joseph Smith to ask him about his religion. Wentworth's questions were for the benefit of a friend who was writing a work on the history of New Hampshire. Smith happily replied with what is now referred to as the "Wentworth Letter". Within, the Prophet recounted the history of the Church up until that point and detailed some basic tenets of the beliefs of Mormonism. Part of the "Wentworth Letter" gave thirteen succinct bullet-point paragraphs which briefly described the core doctrines of the Church. These thirteen paragraphs would come to be known as the Articles of Faith and were included in the Pearl of Great Price. Being only about 400 words, they are an easy way to glean the basics of the LDS Church's beliefs and many members even try to memorize them.
Joseph Smith-Matthew
This excerpt from Joseph Smith's re-translation of the Gospel of Matthew contains many revelations pertaining to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
Book of Moses
The Book of Moses are some selections of Joseph Smith's re-translation of the Old Testament. The book expounds on some key visions of Moses, and explains many doctrines concerning the meaning of life, our purpose on Earth, where we came from and where we're going, etc.
The Book of Abraham
The early nineteenth century saw a meteoric rise of interest in ancient Egypt, due in large part to the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799. Scads of explorers and excavators flocked to the historic desert ruins in search of ancient Egyptian artifacts. One of these was an Italian-born excavator named Antonio Lebolo.
Lebolo led a team of archaeologists in a dig near Thebes, which would yield several mummies. Some time before Lebolo's death in 1830, the mummies would be sold, and eventually find their way to New York and into the hands of a man named Michael Chandler. Found within the wrappings were several papyri, inscribed with Egyptian hieroglyphics, which Chandler was told, no one could translate. Chandler displayed the sarcophagi and the mummies within in many venues throughout the area. Many people would tell Chandler, often jokingly, that he ought to take the papyri to the Mormon Prophet Joseph Smith, as Smith had a reputation for being able to translate ancient writings.
In 1835, Chandler decided to make contact with Joseph Smith, who was then with a large body of the Saints in Kirtland, Ohio. Traveling to Kirtland that summer, Chandler showed Smith the mummies and supposedly undecipherable writings. As Smith began to translate, he felt prompted by the Lord that he should purchase the mummies, sarcophagi, and papyri from Michael Chandler, although the Prophet was not yet entirely sure what these inscriptions said. Chandler agreed to Smith's terms, and the Church raised money and purchased the lot, gaining ownership of the finds. As the Prophet continued translating, he was ecstatic to learn that the inscriptions came from the hand of the Old Testament Prophet Abraham. The resultant manuscript was published as a serial in the Church's magazine at the time, Times and Seasons, in 1842, and officially canonized by the Church and included in the Pearl of Great Price in 1880

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Timeline of Mormon History

Since the foundation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1830, members of the LDS Church have seen and participated in a rich and ever-growing history. From its early days to its most recent hours, the events surrounding Mormonism are most certainly grand. In chronological order, here is a timeline of major events in the history of Mormonism.

December 23, 1805- Joseph Smith Jr. is born in Sharon, Vermont.

Spring 1820- Joseph Smith Jr. is visited by God the Eternal Father and His Son Jesus Christ.

September 21, 1823- The Angel Moroni appears to Joseph Smith Jr. and informs him of the Golden Plates.

September 22, 1827- Joseph Smith Jr. obtains the Golden Plates from the Hill Cumorah.

May 15, 1829- Joseph Smith Jr. and Oliver Cowdery are given the Aaronic Priesthood by John the Baptist.

May-June 1829- Josehp Smith Jr. and Oliver Cowdery are give the Melchizedek Priesthood by Peter, James, and John.

June 1829- Translation of the Golden Plates into what would become the Book of Mormon is finished.

March 26, 1830- The Book of Mormon is officially published by E. B. Grandin's Bookstore in Palmyra, New York.

April 6, 1830- The Church is officially founded.

December 1830- The Church gathers in Ohio.

June 1831- Church members begin to gather in Jackson County Missouri.

February 27, 1833- The Word of Wisdom is introduced.

July 23, 1833- Cornerstone is laid on the Kirland, Ohio Temple.

October 27, 1838- Due to mounting tensions between Mormons and disgruntled neighbors, Governor Lilburn Boggs of Missouri orders an "Extermination Order" on the Mormons. Though long forgotten and obviously not in effect any time in the 20th Century, the order was rediscovered in the records and officially rescinded in 1976.

October 30, 1838- Saints are attacked by an angry mob at Haun's Mill, Missouri.

April 6, 1841- The Nauvoo, Illinois Temple is completed.

June 27, 1844- Joseph Smith Jr. and brother Hyrum Smith are martyred by an angry mob.

July 24, 1847- Under the direction of Brigham Young, the first Mormons enter the Salt Lake Valley, settling what is now the state of Utah.

December 27, 1847- Brigham Young officially named Prophet of the Church.

April 6, 1853- Construction begins on the Salt Lake Temple.

September 1890- The Church issues a moratorium on the practice of polygamy.

April 6, 1893- Construction on the Salt Lake Temple is finished.

1913- The Church supports the Boy Scouts of America program. The program becomes the official activity of the Church's young men.

1918-1938- LDS Seminary buildings begin to be built adjacent to many public high schools in Utah.

Late 1940's- The Church sends relief supplies to Europe at the end of World War II.
January 1971- The Church's official magazines are retooled, giving rise to the publication of the Ensign, the New Era, and the Friend.

1978- All worthy men are allowed to receive the priesthood.

February 7, 1993- A man named Cody Judy threatened Howard W. Hunter and an audience of 15,000-17,000 at a Fireside with a suitcase he claimed held an explosive. He threatened to detonate it unless Hunter would read a paper supposedly declaring Judy the new President of the Church. Howard W. Hunter refused, and Judy was detained by security.

Spring 2000- Construction of the LDS Conference Center is completed, and the building becomes the main meeting place for General Church meetings. Biannually, the General Conference of the Church is held in and broadcast from this engineering marvel.

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For more church timelines, check out this series about the Latter-day prophets.

History of Mormonism- Latter-day Prophets, Part I

The history of Mormonism is a long and storied one, and one that has been influenced by the hands of many amazing men and women. Since the official founding of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on April 6, 1830, there has been a total of sixteen Prophets who have headed the Church. Below is a handy list of each of these great men, along with a brief bio and some major accomplishments they made in their ministry. (More to follow)

1.Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith was the first and founding president of the Church. In 1820, he was appeared to by God the Father and Jesus Christ. He was told during this experience, known as "The First Vision", that the Lord's true Church was no longer upon the earth, because of a great apostasy long ago. He was instructed to restore God's Church to the earth, and to translate an ancient record which would become the Book of Mormon. The Book of Mormon is a volume of holy scripture comparable to the Bible, which supplements the Bible as a second witness of Jesus Christ. During his life, he faced extreme persecution for his beliefs and claims, and in 1844, he was killed by an assassin's bullet, when an angry mob stormed the jail where he and his brother Hyrum were wrongly imprisoned. Joseph Smith was an extremely hard worker, and a man who gave everything to get the Church off the ground,and to further the work of God.

2. Brigham Young Following the death of Joseph Smith, Brigham Young was ordained as the Prophet. Perhaps his most famous accomplishments were his strong leadership and his instrumental role in leading the Saints west. On July 24, 1847, he and the first wave of Mormon pioneers entered the Salt Lake Valley, when he famously said, "It is enough, this is the right place. Drive on." In 1853, Brigham Young broke ground and began the fourty-year construction of the Salt Lake Temple. Under the direction of President Young, the Saints would take the Salt Lake Valley--originally a desert wasteland--and cultivate the land allowing for fertile crops and thriving agriculture, a tremendous undertaking to say the least.

3.John Taylor Born in England in 1808, Taylor was originally Christened into the Church of England, but converted to Methodism at age sixteen. In the early 1830's, he and his family emigrated to what is now Toronto, Canada. In 1836, he was introduced to the Mormon Church, and converted soon after. He held several leadership roles throughout the Church, and eventually succeeded Brigham Young as President in 1880. As Prophet of the Church, he was instrumental in promoting the Church-wide institution of the Primary Association, a curriculum of Sunday school classes for grade-school age children. He also helped the Quorum of the Seventy become more organized and streamlined.

4.Wilford Woodruff President Woodruff was well-known for keeping diaries, and his extensive journal-keeping was and is a great asset for historians of Mormonism. Without his writings, much of that which was said by Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, and many other Church leaders might have been lost forever. During Wilford Woodruff's ministry as Prophet of the Church, the Salt Lake Temple was finally completed in 1893, solidifying a spiritual beacon for the Saints and beautiful example of American architecture. Woodruff also organized the Genealogical Society of Utah, a major leap forward in the Church's family history efforts, and a group which still benefits the Church and its members' genealogical pursuits to this day.

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Other Articles in this Series:
Part I
Part II
Part III
Part IV

The History of Mormonism: Joseph Smith, Tarred and Feathered

Throughout the history of Mormonism--and the history of religion in general for that matter--there have been many willing to sacrifice everything for their dearly held beliefs. When pinpointing the Mormon faith, this is perhaps most evident in the case of Joseph Smith, the founding Prophet of the Church. On April 6, 1830, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was officially founded, with Smith presiding as Prophet, Seer, and Revelator. The Church, though steadily gaining followers, had some bumps along the way. As with all religions, some of the new converts were not as devoted as others, and some even left the Church shortly after joining. They all had their reasons. There are accounts of a man leaving the Church because his horse died on the journey to Missouri, and another of a man leaving because his name was spelled wrong in a Church document. One such man was Ezra Booth. Booth had converted to the Church in 1831, and was soon sent out to serve as a missionary soon after. The mission was not what Booth expected it to be, and he soon grew bitter, and began to spread lies and express his hate for the Church, instead of preaching the gospel as he had been asked to do. Booth was later excommunicated for his misconduct. Upon returning to Ohio, Booth started writing letters to the local newspaper condemning Mormonism and its followers. These letters intensified the suspicions of the locals, and relations were somewhat strained. These events came to a head on March 24, 1832, when a group of men who had read Ezra Booth's letters got very, very, drunk. Joseph Smith and his wife Emma had recently adopted a pair of twin baby boys. Joseph had been up much of the night, tending to one of his new sons, who had the measles. Just as Joseph was falling asleep, the mob stormed into the Smith home and dragged Joseph from his bed and carried him out of the house. With a bucket of molten tar, the men began to smear Joseph's skin, covering all over his body, and gutting one of his pillows, covered him with the contents. Some of the men tried to force feed Joseph a vial of nitric acid. There were many angry threats to the Prophet's life and he was beaten severely. Joseph said a prayer for safety and mercy, and just then, an alarm sounded, scaring the mob away. Struggling back inside, Joseph showed himself to Emma, who fainted when the lighting made the tar look like blood. Thus began the long, arduous process of painfully removing the tar. During the struggle, the cold night air had been let in, and the Smith's new baby sadly perished from exposure. The very next day, Sunday, Smith got out of bed, and attended his Church meetings as usual. Beaten raw, covered in bits of tar, bruises, and more, Joseph got up before the congregation and gave a sermon as powerful as ever. He never mentioned the elephant in the room, skipping over the previous night's events entirely, even as some of the very men from the mob who attacked him sat among the congregation. In this trial, Joseph Smith displayed not only resilience in the face of adversity, but also a great capacity for forgiveness to those who had so viciously hurt him. I consider him a wonderful role model, and a man who very faithfully followed the example of his savior Jesus Christ.

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For another story of an early Latter-day Saint overcoming great trial, please read this story about John Rowe Moyle, a stone-cutter for the Salt Lake Temple.
Read about the lifestyle of the Mormon pioneers.